Dr. Downes’ research focuses on antibiotic stewardship in children, antimicrobial pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), and antibiotic-associated acute kidney injury. Dr. Downes has particular interests in individualized dose optimization of antimicrobials in pediatric patients and examining the roles of biomarkers in the management of children with infectious diseases. He is the recipient of a K23 Career Development Award from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health that is investigating approaches to optimize vancomycin therapy in critically ill children. Dr. Downes is also involved in the conduct of several clinical trials and observational studies at CHOP.